Why is rotenone toxic

The patient presented with a reduced GCS score and severe metabolic acidosis that did not respond to meticulous supportive care, treatment with NAC and empirical use of antioxidants. Other toxicological causes of the metabolic acidosis, for example metformin toxicity, were excluded.

The optimal management of patients who present following rotenone ingestion is still not known, but future use of NAC and antioxidants shown in cellular models to reduce rotenone toxicity may help to improve survival, although their use is cautioned in patients with haemodynamic compromise. There have been no animal studies to confirm these observations.

HA was in charge of the patient's immediate care and management. PS undertook the serum drug and toxicological analyses. DMW was responsible for drafting the first draft of the manuscript and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Crit Care v. Crit Care. Published online Apr Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. David Michael Wood: ku.

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Rotenone is a pesticide derived from the roots of plants from the Leguminosae family. Introduction Rotenone is a botanical pesticide derived from the roots of species of plants from the family Leguminosae. Case report A year-old woman weighing 64 kg and with known type 2 diabetes mellitus managed with metformin mg three times daily presented after she had ingested up to ml from a bottle of 0. Results Samples of serum were obtained at the time of admission and analyzed locally and by the Medical Toxicology Laboratory in London.

Discussion Poisoning with the plant-derived pesticide rotenone is uncommon and potentially fatal. Conclusion We describe here a case of a fatality following severe rotenone poisoning. Authors' contributions HA was in charge of the patient's immediate care and management. References Ray DE. Pesticides derived from plants and other organisms. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Suicide by ingestion of derris root sp. A case of fatal rotenone poisoning in a child.

J Forensic Sci. Effect of fraxetin and myricetin on rotenone-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells: comparison with N-acetyl cysteine. Eur J Pharmacol. Mechanism of toxicity in rotenone models of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci. Neuroprotective effect of fraxetin and myricetin against rotenone-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res. Activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels confers protection against rotenone-induced cell death: therapeutic implications for Parkinson's disease.

J Neurosci Res. Crystalline rotenone as a selective fish toxin. Florida Scientist. Toxicology of rotenone. Ind Eng Chem. Acute toxicities of rotenone and mixed pyrethrins in mammals. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. Toxicological studies of Derris elliptica and its constituents.

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. Chemicals in foods: a report of the association of food and drug officials on current developments.

Part II. Section I. Farmaco [Sci] ; 20 — Toxicity of rotenone in animals. Soap Sanit Chem. Toxicological study of derris. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer.

In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. June 10 the compound rotenone is the latest addition to chemical methods of controlling insect pests of crops, animals and the household. It was first discovered through the use of plants containing it as fish poisons by natives of tropical countries.

Rotenone is exceedingly toxic to many kinds of insects but quite harmless to man and all warmblooded vertebrates. While not all insects are susceptible to its toxic effects, in the form of sprays and other preparations, it has been shown to be fifteen times as toxic as a nicotine spray when used as a contact poison against aphides, and thirty times as toxic as acid lead arsenate, when tested as an internal poison against certain caterpillars.

Reprints and Permissions. Rotenone as an Insecticide. For example, it is estimated that a pound adult would have to drink 23, gallons, and a pound child would need to drink over 1, gallons of rotenone-treated water at one sitting to receive a lethal dose. Although ingestion of rotenone from rotenone-killed fish is not considered harmful, the EPA does not recommend that rotenone-killed fish be used for human consumption because no tolerance acceptable residue level permitted in fish flesh has been set by the EPA.

There have been highly publicized concerns that rotenone exposure could be associated with Parkinson's disease. For the rotenone applicator, who is most at risk for exposure, the use of required PPE will significantly reduce, if not eliminate, exposure. For the general public, restricted access to the treatment area until rotenone subsides to safe levels and the use of potassium permanganate to detoxify water leaving the treatment area will virtually eliminate exposure.

The EPA states rotenone concentrations below 90 parts per billion are safe for human contact and below 40 parts per billion are safe for drinking. Target rotenone concentrations used for fish control in Alaska have always been far below the limit deemed safe for human contract. Alaska Department of Fish and Game.